On April 8, 1943, Otto and Elise Hampel were executed in Berlin for their anti-Nazi activities.
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Otto and Elise Hampel were a working-class couple who created a simple method of protest against Nazism in Berlin during the early years of World War II. They wrote postcards denouncing Hitler's government and left them in public places around the city.
The postcards urged people to refuse to cooperate with the Nazis, to refrain from donating money, to refuse military service, and to overthrow Hitler. Although nearly all the postcards were immediately brought to the Gestapo, it took two years for the Gestapo to find the couple.
They were eventually caught, tried, and beheaded in Berlin's Plötzensee Prison in April 1943. Shortly after the end of the war, their Gestapo file was given to German novelist Hans Fallada, and their story inspired his 1947 novel, translated into English and published in 2009 as Every Man Dies Alone (Alone in Berlin in the UK). The story was filmed in 2016 as Alone in Berlin.
There have been five screen adaptations of the novel:
1. Jeder stirbt für sich allein, directed by Falk Harnack in West Germany in 1962.
2. A television miniseries directed by Hans-Joachim Kasprzik and produced by DEFA in East Germany in 1970.
3. A film version directed by Alfred Vohrer in 1975, released in English as Everyone Dies Alone in 1976,, in which Hildegard Knef, who won the award for best actress at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, portrayed "Anna Quangel".
4. It was made into a three-part television miniseries in the Czech Republic in 2004, directed by Du\u0161an Klein.
5. A 2016 film Alone in Berlin, starring Emma Thompson and Brendan Gleeson as Anna and Otto, was selected to compete for the Golden Bear at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival.
Postcard Details: One of the Hampels' postcards; in the middle is a postage stamp bearing Hitler's face, scrawled with the words "worker murderer"
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