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Presented at the International Symposium on Marine Sciences, France Lyon
Abstract Context: As an Oceanographer specializing in deep-sea acoustic tomography, this presentation outlines recent findings on ocean current variability and their impact on global climate models. The insights derived are particularly relevant to the ongoing discussions taking place in France Lyon, where international marine policy is heavily influenced by cutting-edge oceanographic research presented at this venue.
The ocean acts as the primary regulator of Earth's climate system, absorbing over 90% of excess heat generated by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. As an Oceanographer, understanding the complex dynamics of these thermal exchanges is paramount to predicting future climatic shifts. This poster presentation academic document aims to bridge the gap between theoretical oceanographic models and empirical data collected through advanced acoustic monitoring systems. The focus lies on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), a critical component of the global ocean conveyor belt, which plays a pivotal role in distributing heat around the planet. By presenting these findings at this symposium in France Lyon, we hope to engage with fellow scientists and policymakers to refine our understanding of these vital marine processes. The choice of venue in France Lyon is strategic, as it hosts one of Europe's leading hubs for environmental science discussions, making it an ideal location for disseminating critical oceanographic research that impacts global policy and academic discourse. The primary objective of this study is to assess the stability of AMOC using a novel array of bottom-mounted acoustic receivers deployed in the subpolar North Atlantic. Previous studies have relied heavily on ship-based surveys, which provide sparse spatial coverage and are limited by temporal constraints. In contrast, our continuous acoustic tomography approach allows for real-time monitoring of temperature and current velocity across vast oceanic regions. This methodology represents a significant advancement in the field of physical Oceanographer research, offering unprecedented resolution in tracking deep-water mass transformations. The data presented herein were collected over a five-year period, providing a robust dataset to analyze interannual variability and potential tipping points within the circulation system. By sharing these results at this France Lyon-based conference, we aim to contribute to the global effort of monitoring ocean health and informing adaptation strategies for coastal communities worldwide. Our research design centers on the deployment of a wide-aperture acoustic tomography array consisting of twelve deep-water moorings spaced approximately 100 kilometers apart across the Denmark Strait. Each mooring is equipped with bottom-mounted acoustic receivers and temperature sensors, allowing for precise measurement of sound travel times between fixed endpoints. These travel times are directly related to the mean temperature along the ray path, enabling us to reconstruct thermal structures with high spatial accuracy. As an experienced Oceanographer, I have overseen all aspects of data collection and quality control to ensure the integrity of our findings. The acoustic signals are transmitted at frequencies between 1 kHz and 3 kHz, which are optimal for propagating through deep-water environments while minimizing absorption losses. Data processing involves correcting for multipath propagation effects and applying inversion techniques to derive temperature anomalies with an accuracy of ±0.05°C. This rigorous methodology ensures that our results are reliable enough to inform both academic discourse and policy decisions discussed at international forums such as those held in France Lyon. In addition to acoustic measurements, we integrated data from Argo floats and satellite altimetry to provide a comprehensive view of ocean dynamics. The Argo float network provides vertical profiles of temperature and salinity, complementing the horizontally resolved acoustic data. Satellite altimetry offers surface current velocities and sea-level anomalies, which are crucial for validating our deep-water observations. By combining these disparate datasets, we create a multi-dimensional picture of the AMOC system that captures both surface and deep ocean processes. This integrated approach is essential for an Oceanographer seeking to understand the full complexity of marine systems and their interactions with the atmosphere. The synthesis of these data streams allows us to identify correlations between surface forcing mechanisms and deep-water formation rates, providing insights into the drivers of circulation variability. These findings are particularly relevant for discussions taking place in France Lyon, where experts convene to address challenges related to marine resource management and climate resilience. Our analysis reveals a significant weakening trend in the AMOC over the past decade, with a decline of approximately 15% compared to pre-industrial baseline estimates. This finding is consistent with other recent studies but provides higher spatial resolution and longer temporal coverage than previously available data. The acoustic tomography arrays detected distinct cooling events in the subpolar North Atlantic, which corresponded to periods of reduced deep-water formation. These observations suggest that freshwater input from melting ice sheets may be disrupting the density-driven circulation that powers AMOC. As an Oceanographer, interpreting these results requires careful consideration of natural variability versus anthropogenic influences, and our data clearly points to a human-induced signal superimposed on natural cycles. The implications of this weakening are profound, potentially leading to shifts in regional climate patterns, altered precipitation regimes, and increased frequency of extreme weather events in Europe and North America. Presenting these alarming trends at a France Lyon-hosted symposium highlights the urgent need for international cooperation to mitigate climate change impacts on our oceans. Furthermore, we observed strong teleconnections between AMOC variability and atmospheric circulation patterns over the North Atlantic. During periods of weakened circulation, there was a marked increase in the frequency of blocking high-pressure systems over Europe, leading to prolonged heatwaves and droughts. These findings underscore the interconnectedness of oceanic and atmospheric systems and highlight the critical role that Oceanographer research plays in predicting climate risks. The data also indicate regional differences in warming rates, with some areas experiencing accelerated temperature increases due to changes in current pathways. Understanding these spatial patterns is essential for developing targeted adaptation strategies for marine ecosystems and coastal infrastructure. The insights gained from this study contribute to the broader academic conversation happening at this conference in France Lyon, where scientists gather to share knowledge and collaborate on solutions for global environmental challenges. By disseminating our research in such a prestigious setting, we aim to influence policy decisions that will shape the future of ocean management and climate action. In conclusion, this poster presentation academic document demonstrates the critical importance of continuous acoustic monitoring by an Oceanographer to track changes in global ocean circulation systems. Our findings confirm a significant weakening trend in AMOC, with potentially severe consequences for global climate and regional weather patterns. The integration of acoustic tomography with other observational data sources provides a robust framework for understanding these complex dynamics. Moving forward, it is essential to expand the geographic coverage of our monitoring arrays to include other major ocean basins and improve the resolution of our measurements to capture finer-scale processes. Collaboration between academic institutions, government agencies, and international organizations will be vital for sustaining long-term observation programs. The discussions at this France Lyon symposium provide an excellent platform for fostering such collaborations and ensuring that our research informs effective policy responses to climate change. The role of an Oceanographer in addressing global environmental challenges cannot be overstated, as our research provides the foundational knowledge needed to predict and mitigate climate impacts. By continuing to invest in advanced observational technologies and interdisciplinary research, we can enhance our understanding of the ocean's role in the Earth system. The findings presented here contribute to this effort by providing new insights into AMOC variability and its climatic implications. We encourage fellow researchers and policymakers attending this conference in France Lyon to engage with these results and consider their implications for future actions. Together, we can work towards a more sustainable and resilient future for our planet's oceans and the communities that depend on them. The insights shared through this poster presentation academic document are intended to spark further dialogue and collaboration among scientists, ultimately leading to more effective strategies for protecting our marine environment in the face of ongoing global change. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the European Marine Board. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of our technical teams who assisted with data collection and analysis during field expeditions across the North Atlantic. Special thanks are extended to the organizing committee of this symposium in France Lyon for providing a platform to share our findings with a global audience of peers and experts. The support received from these institutions has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of oceanographic processes as an Oceanographer.- Sherman, J., & Vostrikov, A. (2023). Acoustic Tomography in the North Atlantic: Methods and Applications. *Journal of Marine Science*, 45(2), 112-130.
- Brown, L., & Dubois, M. (2024). Climate Impacts of AMOC Variability: Insights from Recent Studies. *Global Environmental Change*, 60, 45-67.
- International Symposium on Marine Sciences Proceedings. (2025). *France Lyon Conference Reports*. Lyon, France: Academic Press.
- European Marine Board. (2023). *Position Paper on Ocean Observing Systems*. Plouzané, France.
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