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This undergraduate thesis explores the multifaceted role of a veterinarian in the context of Mexico City, Mexico. As one of the most populous urban centers in Latin America, Mexico City presents unique challenges and opportunities for veterinary professionals. This document examines the historical development of veterinary medicine in Mexico, its current relevance in addressing public health issues, and the societal impact of veterinarians within urban environments. The study emphasizes the importance of adapting veterinary practices to meet the demands of a rapidly growing city while aligning with national and international standards.

The profession of a veterinarian is essential in safeguarding animal health, human well-being, and environmental sustainability. In Mexico City, where urbanization has reached unprecedented levels, the role of a veterinarian extends beyond traditional clinical practice to include public health advocacy, zoonotic disease prevention, and community education. This thesis aims to highlight how veterinarians contribute to the socio-economic and ecological stability of Mexico City while addressing the specific needs of its diverse population.

Veterinary medicine in Mexico has evolved alongside the country’s development. The first veterinary school, Escuela Nacional de Medicina Veterinaria, was established in 1937 to address the growing need for specialized animal care. Over time, veterinary education and practice have expanded to include research institutions such as the National Institute of Forestry, Wildlife, and Natural Protected Areas (INIFAP) and the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). These organizations have played a pivotal role in shaping veterinary policies that align with both local needs and global standards.

In Mexico City, veterinarians operate in diverse settings, including private clinics, public health departments, research institutions, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Their responsibilities encompass:

• Pet Healthcare: Providing medical care for companion animals such as dogs and cats in urban households.
• Zoonotic Disease Control: Preventing the spread of diseases that can transition from animals to humans, such as rabies and leptospirosis.
• Agricultural Support: Assisting farmers in rural areas surrounding Mexico City with livestock health and food safety.
• Environmental Conservation: Participating in wildlife rehabilitation programs and protecting native species threatened by habitat loss.

To become a veterinarian in Mexico, individuals must complete a 6-year undergraduate program at an accredited institution such as the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at UNAM or the Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora. After graduation, veterinarians must register with the Colegio Mexicano de Médicos Veterinarios (CMV) to practice legally. Continuing education is mandatory to stay updated on advancements in veterinary science and public health policies relevant to Mexico City.

Mexico City presents unique challenges for veterinarians due to its high population density, limited green spaces, and socioeconomic disparities. Key issues include:

• Urban Animal Overpopulation: The prevalence of stray animals in the city requires coordinated efforts between veterinarians and local authorities for sterilization programs.
• Access to Care: Rural areas surrounding Mexico City often lack veterinary infrastructure, creating inequities in animal healthcare access.
• Economic Constraints: Many residents cannot afford routine veterinary care, necessitating public health initiatives and subsidized services.

Veterinarians in Mexico City have been instrumental in mitigating outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. For example, during the 2019 rabies epidemic, veterinary teams collaborated with health authorities to vaccinate stray dogs and educate communities on prevention. Similarly, efforts to combat leptospirosis—transmitted through contaminated water—have involved veterinarians working alongside epidemiologists to monitor rodent populations in urban slums.

The ethical responsibilities of a veterinarian in Mexico City extend beyond clinical practice. They must advocate for animal welfare, comply with legal frameworks such as the Mexican Constitution’s protections for animal rights, and promote sustainable practices. Future directions include integrating technology into veterinary care (e.g., telemedicine), expanding rural outreach programs, and strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration between veterinarians, human physicians, and environmental scientists.

This undergraduate thesis underscores the critical role of the veterinarian in Mexico City as a multidisciplinary professional addressing public health, ecological balance, and animal welfare. As Mexico City continues to grow, the demand for skilled veterinarians who can navigate urban challenges while upholding ethical standards will only increase. By aligning their work with national priorities and global veterinary guidelines, veterinarians in Mexico City can contribute meaningfully to the well-being of both animals and communities.

• Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSPI). (2020). Zoonotic Diseases in Mexico City: A Public Health Perspective.
• Colegio Mexicano de Médicos Veterinarios. (n.d.). Code of Ethics for Veterinarians in Mexico.
• UNAM Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. (2021). Curriculum and Research Initiatives in Veterinary Science.

Keywords: Undergraduate Thesis, Veterinarian, Mexico Mexico City

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