GEORGES DEMENY PHONOSCOPE 1892
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Marey at the Station Physiologique, built the Photophone
for photographing, and the Phonoscope for
projecting. Again, even with celluloid available (and
used by them since 1888), Demeny used a glass disc which contained the
chronophotographs (between 18-24 around the circumference), and projected
them on the screen. This process is reminiscent of Muybridge's Zoopraxiscope,
and was actually an improvement on Anschutz's Electrotachyscope.
Demeny later this year patents the Phonoscope (without
Marey's involvement).
The Phonoscope was shown this year at the
Exposition Internationale de Photographie de Paris
and Demeny considered producing the machine for commercial
use. The discs were 42cm in diameter with his chronophotographs
placed around the circumference, typically eighteen of them.
When Demeny began his company for manufacturing the Phonoscope
(Société de Phonoscope), Marey withdrew completely
from his relationship with Demeny and fired him from Station
Physiologique. Demeny would create and build his own camera
he called the Biographe, with his 'Beater
Mechanism' which transferred the film.
Georges Demeny changed the name of the Phonoscope
to the Bioscope in 1895, began a business
partnership with Leon Gaumont to manufacture the Bioscope
(1895), and had Alfred Molteni make his projecting lanterns.
The Biographe had no future and was not produced
beyond 1896 however Gaumont did successfully exploit the beater
mechanism concept after Demeny's retirement in the early 20th
century.
twelve of the chronophotographs as they would have appeared. The etching is from the magazine La Nature
that published them and further below we see a corresponding
engraving of how they appeared once projected through the Phonoscope.
citing Demeny's work with the Phonoscope
(above - left and right) was entitled 'Talking
Photographs' and reported the use of up to 24 chronophotographs
"pronouncing words and
phrases". (La Nature, September
1, 1892, identifying British Patent #15709).
In the above strip we can clearly see Demeny moving
his mouth as if speaking.
the twelve images from the La Nature proof
sheet (above), we have reconstructed what Demeny may have looked like through the Phonoscope
in 1892. With the Photophone for photographing and
the Phonoscope for projecting, these chronophotograph
etchings were placed around the circumference of the
disk and when projected, gave the appearance of movement.
Rather than for entertainment, chronophotographs were
born out of a scientific interest.
An illustrated Chronological History of the Development of Motion Pictures Covering 2500 Years Leading to the Discovery of Cinematography in the 1800's
http://precinemahistory.net
-- Paul Burns
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