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Завантажте або відредагуйте безкоштовне зображення \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641 064\u0627a \u0644 для онлайн-редактора GIMP. Це зображення, яке дійсне для інших графічних або фоторедакторів у OffiDocs, таких як Inkscape онлайн і OpenOffice Draw онлайн або LibreOffice онлайн від OffiDocs.
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\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632
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https://geo-house.info/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Anna_Julia_Cooper-1.jpg
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Бондар
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158).
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\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u201d \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644:
\u201c\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629
\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a
\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0634\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629\u201d\u2018 (Вільямс 1989:
207).
\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Інсексуальність
\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u201c\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0648 Кімберл Креншоу
1990-91\u201d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629
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\u0625\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062f Philomena essed 1991\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629
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\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633 Мурджі і Соломос
2005\u201d \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.
\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a расизм
\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 (Фанон 1967)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 (Майлз 1989)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (Banton 1977)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Голдберг 2002).
\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a
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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u201d
\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0632 \u201c\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 Камінь 2003\u201d \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 Расова ідентичність: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a
\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643.
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a) Етнічна приналежність: \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627
\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627.
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 Нація: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627.
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 Національність: \ u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644.
\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627
\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a
\u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a
\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0634\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f \u201c\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 Камінь 2003\u2033 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a
\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u201d\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0647\u064a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0631 Хехтер
1975\u2033 \u0648\u201d\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631 Брубейкер 2002\u2033 \u0648\u201d\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a Барт 1969\u201d. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644
\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u201c\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u201d \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a Груповість\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a
\u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (Брубейкер 2002: 56). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b
\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635
\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u201c\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0633 Рекс 1980\u201d. \ u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627
\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647
\u201c\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631\u201d \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629(Сміт 1969 Furnivall
1984; Купер і)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 (Бентон 1967 Рекс
1970)\u060c
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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a.
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\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643
\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648: \u0645\u0646
\u0647\u0645\u061f
\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u201c\u0623\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0644 Малий Альбіон\u201d \u0648\u201d \u0648. \u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 В.л. Томас\u201d (Томас
і Zunaniek 1918, 1920). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u201c\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f 1939 Джордж Герберт Мід\u201d.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621
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\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0633 Берджесс\u201d (Барк і Берджесс 1921). \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0647\u0631
\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u201c\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0632 Еверетт Хьюз\u201d
(-1943 1984) \u0648\u201d\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0631 Герберт Блумер\u201d (1969
\u2013 1939). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641
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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 (Лал 2003). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a
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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Banton 1987).
\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u201d
\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629
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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644
\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a
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\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a
\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.. \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u2026\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a
\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0642\u062f
\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Парк 1950:
81).
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\u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c
\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0632\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0633 (1921) \u0623\u0646
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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u201d \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629
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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b
\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627
\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (Парк 1950). \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u201c\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0631 Редігер 2006\u201d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644) \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637
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\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 :
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 Асиміляція
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\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (Пірс 2005).
\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0649 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644
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\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 (Парк 1926).
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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 (Бейлі 1975). \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646
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\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 (Дженкінс 2005: 203-4).
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\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 Бентон 1967: 68-76\u201d \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064b\u0627
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\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Banton 1983; Barot
2006). \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f
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(\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f
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\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636
\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\u201d (Banton 1996).
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629
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\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (Майлз 1993) \ u0648(Голдберг 1990) \ u0648(Гійомен 1980) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a
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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f
\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629.
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