Robert Delaunay (1885 - 1941)
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Robert Delaunay was born on April 12th 1885 in Paris. He was a French artists best known for first introducing vibrant colour to cubism and co-founding the Orphism art movement, noted for its strong use of colours and geometric shapes.
Delaunay began his journey in the arts, when he failed his final exams and decided to become a painter. In 1902, his uncle sent him to Ronsin\u2019s atelier in the Belleville district of Paris to do an apprenticeship for theatre sets. After two years of working at Ronsin, Delaunay left in order to focus entirely on painting, and by 1904, his work was shown at the Salon d\u2019Automne. Additionally, that same year he contributed six works to the Salon des Indépendants, where he met Henri Rousseau and Jean Metzinger and continued to exhibit until World War I.
He began to get influenced by Neo-Impressionism in 1906 to 1907 and studied the colour theories of Michael- Eugène Chevreul. From 1907 to 1908, he served in the military in Laon, and upon returning to Paris he had contact with the Cubists. Delaunay\u2019s personal style emerged after this and he painted his first Eiffel Tower in 1909 which combined fragmented Cubist form with dynamic movement and vibrant colours. This new and individual use of pictorial rhythms and colour harmonies had an immediate appeal to the senses and, combined with poetic subject matter, distinguished him from the more orthodox Cubist painters.
He married his painter wife Sonia Terk in 2010 with whom he worked on large and impressive abstract mural decorations with for the Paris Exposition of 1937. In 2015, the Tate Modern had a retrospect of Sonia Delaunay\u2019s work which also features some of Robert\u2019s paintings.
In 1912, Delaunay painted his first \u2018Disc\u2019 and \u2018Circular Forms\u2019 which were his first nonfigurative paintings. These Cubist works were based on the optical characteristics of brilliant colours that were so dynamic they would function as the form, as his theories were mostly concerned with colour and light. Reminiscent of Paul Klee, these later works are influentially related to bold use of colour and a clear love of experimentation with both depth and tone.
However, Delaunay was notoriously competitive and fully aware of the importance of his work. So much that he drew up a list of all the artists he had influenced. Much to his despair, the period in which he was a key figure in modern art was fairly brief. By 1920, his work lost its inspirational quality and became rather repetitive. Paris, his home, became a meeting place for Dada artists, but Delaunay\u2019s own paintings continued to be related to colour theories. His last major works were two large murals for pavilions in the Paris World Fair of 1937 which were later destroyed.
When World War II erupted, the Delaunay\u2019s moved to the Auvergne in an effort to avoid invading German forces. Suffering from cancer, Robert was unable to endure being moved around and his health deteriorated. On the 25th of October 1941, at the age of 56, he died in Montpellier.
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