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\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 : \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0648

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0631\u0645
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प्राकृतिक चयन के माध्यम से प्रजातियाँ, या पसंदीदा नस्लों का संरक्षण
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\u201c\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0649\u201d\u201b\uXNUMXbमेरा संघर्ष (1923) (केंद्र
प्रलय और नरसंहार अध्ययन 2007 के लिए)।

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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a) \u0642\u062f
\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 (बरकन 199)। \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0649
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बरोन \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1932 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646
\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644
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\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644 फ्रांसीसी \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u201c\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646\u201d (\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u0649 विंसीगुएरा 2006)। \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u201d
(1937) \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644:

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\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648 एशले मोंटेगु\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631
\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u201d \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1942. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642
\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u0648
\u062a\u0641\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 (बरकन 1992: 345)।

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621

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\u201c(1994) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646
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100 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 85 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0649
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\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646 रिचर्ड टैटुन (2007) \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642
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परियोजना\ u060c
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00
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00
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00
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00
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00
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\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 (कार्टर 2007) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629
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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.

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\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a) \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (मानव जीनोम परियोजना 2007)।

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\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d
\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 (सेंट लुइस 2005)।

\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627

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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (फेंटन 2003) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621
\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u061f

\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u063a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u061f

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627
\u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (वेमीर्श 2006) \u0641\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 (ओकले 1983\ u060cवर्मिर्श:14)

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\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631

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\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631. (नॉर्विच सिटी काउंसिल सारा मोर्की 12 मई 2006)।

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\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0633\u0649 जिप्सी \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0649 त्सिगाने \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a
\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0634 Vclah\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0648 सिंटो\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634 कालदरश\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0634 बेश (वर्मीश)
2006)। \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646
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