1943 Ukraine Bohus Benes Letter To Editor
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December 30, 1942 --San Francisco Examiner Article on Ukraine by Boake Carter
January 2,1943 --Bohus Benes, San Francisco Czech Consul Responds via letter to the editor.
January 8, 1943 --Ivan Petrushievich of San Francisco responds to Bohus Benes letter
*note: Bohus Benes was nephew of Marxist Edward Benes president/dictator of Czechoslovakia. Bohus became the father-in-law of Zbigniew Brzezinski. Bohus Benes father was Vaclav Benes, (Edward Benes' older brother) a Marxist agitator who was elected into the Imperial Council/Parliament of Austria (Reichsrat), in 1911 with his fellow Czech Social Democrat and founder of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Bohumir Smeral.
Multiple articles in 1949, announcing the lectures & courses (akla communist propaganda)he gave in the United States claim Bohus Benes "spent 28 years in diplomatic and consular services for Czechoslovakia. He has served in New York, Montreal, Brussels, Geneva, Paris, London, Washington, Chicago and Sand Francisco consulates. He was San Francisco consul from 1942 to Sept 3 1948 when he resigned. A relative (nephew) of Edward Benes, he served as secretary to him when the latter was president of Czechoslovakia from 1935 to 1938" ..."For six years he was correspondent at the League of nations for Czechoslovak newspaper" (which is where his daughter that married Zbigniew Brzezinski, Emilie "Muska" Benes was born)
==========TEXT OF CLIPPINGS:
CLIPPED FROM
The San Francisco Examiner
San Francisco, California
30 Dec 1942, Wed \u2022 Page 11
FREEDOM FOR UKRANIANS
By Boake Carter
New York. \u2014I have brought to my attention a matter which is of considerable importance when contemplating the European picture as a whole and that is the matter of the Ukraine.
The average American I would venture to say 99 1/2 per cent of all Americans considers the Ukraine as a Russian' province.
The truth is quite the opposite, And it is worth noting a few facts about Ukraina (as the citizens, of this territory prefer their land; to be known and called) inasmuch as it is the bone of contention in this conflict between Germany and Russia, just as it was the bone of contention in the last war and just as it has been the bone of contention for many centuries of wanderings of nations and races after the old Babylonian, Chaldean and Persian empires broke up.
The language of Ukraina is not a Russian dialect. Ukraina has a long history and possesses literature and traditions of her own. Modern Ukraine was born in the throes of the Kozak Revolution of 1648. The Ukrainians are not Russians. They speak their own language. Once she was an independent nation. Under Bohdan Khmelnitsky, Hetman of Ukraina, the country made a treaty with Russia for protection against Polish and Turkish Invasions and plunder expeditions.
Russia later forcibly annexed Ukraina against her will--one of those cases where the protector turned out to be wolf--but the Ukrainian spirit never died. The Ukrainians still hope to restore their independence and freedom. Such an opportunity came in 1918, but not possessing a strong army to defend herself, Ukraina was overrun by the Bolshevik Army. Poland took Galicia. Rumania took Bukowma. Czechoslovakia took Carpatho-Ukraina and only three years ago Hungary took this territory.
The Ukraine was therefore partitioned. Her fifty millions of people became once more experimental animals in the international school of human vivisection.
And the fourteen points of Mr. Wilson did not help her at all.
Then came the outbreak of war again in 1939. Germany wants Ukraine as a colony and for the time being has control of her people. Russia wants Ukraina to stay as she was. The Ukrainians want their country totally in dependent from all tyrants. But, as one Ukrainian has put it to me, "I am wondering how the Atlantic Charter will work in our case since Russia is a member of the United Nations!" And he continues: "Although Roosevelt Churchill proclaimed new hope for the enslaved nations, Ukraine could not be set free from Russia. According to Paragraph 3 of the Atlantic Charter, Ukraina has little hope, be-
because Paragraph 2 will not allow this ('territorial changes without consent of the (Russian) people concerned'). And the Ukrainians cannot fight for their freedom because Paragraph 8 forbids it!
"However," he says, "the Interpretations of the articles in the Charter can be made to express the viewpoint of the arguer. Many other so-called "charters of freedom" befell the same fate. This is one of the reasons, however, why Ukrainians want to know in advance how the Atlantic Charter will be applied' in their case Especially so when we read Twenty Russian Questions' by Sir Stafford Cripps (Life, March 9, 1942, pp. 82-89) and the explanation to Question 10."
Of course, the Ukrainian point is very easy to appreciate. But it is to be doubted that Ukraina will obtain her independence after the war, as undoubtedly she should do if the Atlantic Charter is to be an honest document of honest intentions. And it is equally obvious that it is neither. If it "were an honest document of honest intentions and were honestly enforced, the United States would have to go to war with Great Britain and her empire which thought, of course, is absurd.
But if Great Britain and the United States were to press earnestly to render justice under the terms of the Atlantic Char ter the Anglo-Saxon people would be obliged to approach the Rus sian Government and insist that it free the Ukrainians. Quite obviously Russia, assuming she is not knocked out of the war and comes through to the end on the "winning" side, will do no such thing. . Who then will be strong enough to enforce such justice for the Ukrainians who want their four freedom's just as much as we are fighting to "preserve" ours? And will we be prepared to go to war against Russia over Ukrainian independence? The answer is quite obviously NO to all the above questions.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The San Francisco Examiner
San Francisco, California
02 Jan 1943, Sat \u2022 Page 8
The Editor\u2019s Mail Box:
THE UKRAINE.
To The San Francisco Examiner;
I was very much interested in the article by Mr. Boake Carter --"Freedom for Ukrainians' --appearing in your paper of December 30, 1942, especially the part concerning Czecho-Slovakia. The author says:
"The Ukrainians still hope to restore their independence and freedom. Such an opportunity came in 1918, but not possessing a strong army to defend herself, Ukraine was overrun by the Bolshevik Army. Poland took Galicia. Rumania took Bukowina, Czecho-Slovakia took Carpatho-Ukraina and only three years ago Hungary took this territory.
"The Ukraine was therefore partitioned. Her 50,000,000 of people became once more experimental animals in the international school of human vivisection.
"And the fourteen points of Mr. Wilson did not help at all."
The statement that Czechoslovakia took Carpatho-Ukraina is not correct. The author probably means the eastern part of Czecho-Slovakia called Sub-Carpathic-Russia.
May I give to your readers a few facts so they will be informed on what really happened, and what is still happening in that part of Europe? In 1918 the inhabitants of Sub Carpathic-Russia, who called themselves Carpatho-Russians (not Carpatho-Ukrainians), of their own will, decided to become part of the Czecho-Slovak Republic. Americans of Carpat.no- Russian origin had very much to say about this matter.
When Czecho-Slovakia took over the administration of this country, there could be no question of these people becoming. \u201conce more experimental animals in the international school of human vivisection," for the abominable state of things in that country left by the prewar Hungary (1914-1918) was rapidly changed The Carpatho-Russians had no schools, with the exception of a few Hungarian schools. With the help of the Czecho-Slovak Government many hundreds of schools were built where the local languages were used. In addition modern hospitals, new roads, new industries, and improved living conditions were created by the initiative and material help of the Czecho-Slovak Government in Prague.
Finally, the new system of government corresponding to the promises given by the Czecho-Slovaks to the Carpatho-Russian people, providing autonomy of the country, was prepared in 1938, and was about to go into operation when Munich came, and when soon after the Hungarian Army and administration took over that country.
The last news we had from that unfortunate country was that there had been a return of the conditions existing before the last world war; and on the other hand Carpatho-Russians themselves who had escaped at the time of the Hungarian invasion sent a solemn declaration and special message to the Czecho-Slovak Government in London asking that the Sub-Carpathic-Russians be included in a future free Czecho-Slovakia. Naturally, the Czechoslovaks have in their plans the re-establishment of prewar and pre-Munich Czecho-Slovakia, and are already in collaboration with the representative of the Carpatho-Russian people.
BOHUS BENES,
Czecho-Slovak Consul.
San Francisco.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The San Francisco Examiner
San Francisco, California
08 Jan 1943, Fri \u2022 Page 8
The Editor\u2019s Mail Box:
MORE ON UKRAINE:
To The San Francisco Examiner :
It is rather unfortunate that the Mr. Boake Carter\u2019s factual and unbiased statement of Ukrainian questions should have provoked an attempt to becloud the issue.
It would be interesting to know on what grounds Mr. Bohus Benes objects to the name of Carpathian Ukraine, insisting that it is Sub-Carpathic Russia (letter of January 2, 1943).
There are reasons for asking this question.
1 The nearest Russian ethnic frontier is about 600 miles from Carpathian Ukraine.
2 According to the statement of the famous Czech archaeologist, Professor Safarik (Slavische Alterthuemer, v. II, p. 106),.) Ukrainian people have lived in northern Hungary since times immemorial, and when in 895 Magyars invaded Hungary, they found in that region prosperous Ukrainian settlements, racially and culturally identical with the contiguous population of the Kiev state.
3 The Czech paper Prazake Listy (November 23, 1938) contains criticism of the Czech Government policy consisting in persistent favoring of the Russophile party to the manifest detriment not only of the native Ukrainian population, but even to the disadvantage of the Czechs. That policy was deemed responsible for the delay in granting homre rule to the Carpathian Ukraine, until after twenty years of procrastination, it. became futile.
After all that the Czech and Ukrainian people had gone through together, and after all that Czechs actually did for the Carpathian Ukraine, in the two decades, building roads, bridges, schools and putting in various other improvements, and considering various other ties which used to keep Czechs and Ukrainians together, good understanding between the two nations is of paramount importance.
We are in the same boat now. It would be such a pity to rock the boat for half a penny worth of good will.
IVAN PETRUSHEVICH,
San Francisco.
The San Francisco Examiner
San Francisco, California
30 Dec 1942, Wed \u2022 Page 11
FREEDOM FOR UKRANIANS
By Boake Carter
New York. \u2014I have brought to my attention a matter which is of considerable importance when contemplating the European picture as a whole and that is the matter of the Ukraine.
The average American I would venture to say 99 1/2 per cent of all Americans considers the Ukraine as a Russian' province.
The truth is quite the opposite, And it is worth noting a few facts about Ukraina (as the citizens, of this territory prefer their land; to be known and called) inasmuch as it is the bone of contention in this conflict between Germany and Russia, just as it was the bone of contention in the last war and just as it has been the bone of contention for many centuries of wanderings of nations and races after the old Babylonian, Chaldean and Persian empires broke up.
The language of Ukraina is not a Russian dialect. Ukraina has a long history and possesses literature and traditions of her own. Modern Ukraine was born in the throes of the Kozak Revolution of 1648. The Ukrainians are not Russians. They speak their own language. Once she was an independent nation. Under Bohdan Khmelnitsky, Hetman of Ukraina, the country made a treaty with Russia for protection against Polish and Turkish Invasions and plunder expeditions.
Russia later forcibly annexed Ukraina against her will--one of those cases where the protector turned out to be wolf--but the Ukrainian spirit never died. The Ukrainians still hope to restore their independence and freedom. Such an opportunity came in 1918, but not possessing a strong army to defend herself, Ukraina was overrun by the Bolshevik Army. Poland took Galicia. Rumania took Bukowma. Czechoslovakia took Carpatho-Ukraina and only three years ago Hungary took this territory.
The Ukraine was therefore partitioned. Her fifty millions of people became once more experimental animals in the international school of human vivisection.
And the fourteen points of Mr. Wilson did not help her at all.
Then came the outbreak of war again in 1939. Germany wants Ukraine as a colony and for the time being has control of her people. Russia wants Ukraina to stay as she was. The Ukrainians want their country totally in dependent from all tyrants. But, as one Ukrainian has put it to me, "I am wondering how the Atlantic Charter will work in our case since Russia is a member of the United Nations!" And he continues: "Although Roosevelt Churchill proclaimed new hope for the enslaved nations, Ukraine could not be set free from Russia. According to Paragraph 3 of the Atlantic Charter, Ukraina has little hope, be-
because Paragraph 2 will not allow this ('territorial changes without consent of the (Russian) people concerned'). And the Ukrainians cannot fight for their freedom because Paragraph 8 forbids it!
"However," he says, "the Interpretations of the articles in the Charter can be made to express the viewpoint of the arguer. Many other so-called "charters of freedom" befell the same fate. This is one of the reasons, however, why Ukrainians want to know in advance how the Atlantic Charter will be applied' in their case Especially so when we read Twenty Russian Questions' by Sir Stafford Cripps (Life, March 9, 1942, pp. 82-89) and the explanation to Question 10."
Of course, the Ukrainian point is very easy to appreciate. But it is to be doubted that Ukraina will obtain her independence after the war, as undoubtedly she should do if the Atlantic Charter is to be an honest document of honest intentions. And it is equally obvious that it is neither. If it "were an honest document of honest intentions and were honestly enforced, the United States would have to go to war with Great Britain and her empire which thought, of course, is absurd.
But if Great Britain and the United States were to press earnestly to render justice under the terms of the Atlantic Char ter the Anglo-Saxon people would be obliged to approach the Rus sian Government and insist that it free the Ukrainians. Quite obviously Russia, assuming she is not knocked out of the war and comes through to the end on the "winning" side, will do no such thing. . Who then will be strong enough to enforce such justice for the Ukrainians who want their four freedom's just as much as we are fighting to "preserve" ours? And will we be prepared to go to war against Russia over Ukrainian independence? The answer is quite obviously NO to all the above questions.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The San Francisco Examiner
San Francisco, California
02 Jan 1943, Sat \u2022 Page 8
The Editor\u2019s Mail Box:
THE UKRAINE.
To The San Francisco Examiner;
I was very much interested in the article by Mr. Boake Carter --"Freedom for Ukrainians' --appearing in your paper of December 30, 1942, especially the part concerning Czecho-Slovakia. The author says:
"The Ukrainians still hope to restore their independence and freedom. Such an opportunity came in 1918, but not possessing a strong army to defend herself, Ukraine was overrun by the Bolshevik Army. Poland took Galicia. Rumania took Bukowina, Czecho-Slovakia took Carpatho-Ukraina and only three years ago Hungary took this territory.
"The Ukraine was therefore partitioned. Her 50,000,000 of people became once more experimental animals in the international school of human vivisection.
"And the fourteen points of Mr. Wilson did not help at all."
The statement that Czechoslovakia took Carpatho-Ukraina is not correct. The author probably means the eastern part of Czecho-Slovakia called Sub-Carpathic-Russia.
May I give to your readers a few facts so they will be informed on what really happened, and what is still happening in that part of Europe? In 1918 the inhabitants of Sub Carpathic-Russia, who called themselves Carpatho-Russians (not Carpatho-Ukrainians), of their own will, decided to become part of the Czecho-Slovak Republic. Americans of Carpat.no- Russian origin had very much to say about this matter.
When Czecho-Slovakia took over the administration of this country, there could be no question of these people becoming. \u201conce more experimental animals in the international school of human vivisection," for the abominable state of things in that country left by the prewar Hungary (1914-1918) was rapidly changed The Carpatho-Russians had no schools, with the exception of a few Hungarian schools. With the help of the Czecho-Slovak Government many hundreds of schools were built where the local languages were used. In addition modern hospitals, new roads, new industries, and improved living conditions were created by the initiative and material help of the Czecho-Slovak Government in Prague.
Finally, the new system of government corresponding to the promises given by the Czecho-Slovaks to the Carpatho-Russian people, providing autonomy of the country, was prepared in 1938, and was about to go into operation when Munich came, and when soon after the Hungarian Army and administration took over that country.
The last news we had from that unfortunate country was that there had been a return of the conditions existing before the last world war; and on the other hand Carpatho-Russians themselves who had escaped at the time of the Hungarian invasion sent a solemn declaration and special message to the Czecho-Slovak Government in London asking that the Sub-Carpathic-Russians be included in a future free Czecho-Slovakia. Naturally, the Czechoslovaks have in their plans the re-establishment of prewar and pre-Munich Czecho-Slovakia, and are already in collaboration with the representative of the Carpatho-Russian people.
BOHUS BENES,
Czecho-Slovak Consul.
San Francisco.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The San Francisco Examiner
San Francisco, California
08 Jan 1943, Fri \u2022 Page 8
The Editor\u2019s Mail Box:
MORE ON UKRAINE:
To The San Francisco Examiner :
It is rather unfortunate that the Mr. Boake Carter\u2019s factual and unbiased statement of Ukrainian questions should have provoked an attempt to becloud the issue.
It would be interesting to know on what grounds Mr. Bohus Benes objects to the name of Carpathian Ukraine, insisting that it is Sub-Carpathic Russia (letter of January 2, 1943).
There are reasons for asking this question.
1 The nearest Russian ethnic frontier is about 600 miles from Carpathian Ukraine.
2 According to the statement of the famous Czech archaeologist, Professor Safarik (Slavische Alterthuemer, v. II, p. 106),.) Ukrainian people have lived in northern Hungary since times immemorial, and when in 895 Magyars invaded Hungary, they found in that region prosperous Ukrainian settlements, racially and culturally identical with the contiguous population of the Kiev state.
3 The Czech paper Prazake Listy (November 23, 1938) contains criticism of the Czech Government policy consisting in persistent favoring of the Russophile party to the manifest detriment not only of the native Ukrainian population, but even to the disadvantage of the Czechs. That policy was deemed responsible for the delay in granting homre rule to the Carpathian Ukraine, until after twenty years of procrastination, it. became futile.
After all that the Czech and Ukrainian people had gone through together, and after all that Czechs actually did for the Carpathian Ukraine, in the two decades, building roads, bridges, schools and putting in various other improvements, and considering various other ties which used to keep Czechs and Ukrainians together, good understanding between the two nations is of paramount importance.
We are in the same boat now. It would be such a pity to rock the boat for half a penny worth of good will.
IVAN PETRUSHEVICH,
San Francisco.
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