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\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 Theoretical Geography\u201d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1962 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f
\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627
Explanation in Geography\u201d \u0639\u0627\u06451969 \u2013 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064f \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629
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\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f
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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0649 Dilthey \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a Geistewissenchaften \u2013 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627
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\u2013 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u2013 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629
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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646- \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641
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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649.

\u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u0649
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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 Value Juedgment \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627
\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 Charles Taylor \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629
\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.
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\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647Dehumanizing .

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\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u2013 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627. \u0641\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0645
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Historical-Geographic.

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\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631 Altusser\u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0632 Raymond Williams\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646 E.P.Thompson.

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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 Functionalism \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 Organic (\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 Super organic ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629
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\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 Manuel Castells \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646
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\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u062a\u0645\u0636\u064a
\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0649 \u2013\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.
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\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633 senses\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 incorrigible. \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0632 Leibniz\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643 Locke \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d
\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644
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\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 modernity\u201d.

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\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 foundational- Certitude. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a
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falsificationism \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0648
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a
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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647
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\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0632\u0648\u063a \u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641
\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u201d. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c
\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 pluralist
relativism . \u0641\u0642\u062f
\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645 Ambiguity\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0649
\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 consistency \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648
\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0637\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u063a\u0629\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u2013 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0630\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629
\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a funstionalism \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0648
\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647 Le Corbusier \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629
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