Yozo Hamaguchi (1909 - 2000)

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HAMAGUCHI Yozo was born in Wakayama prefecture in 1909 as the third son of Yamasa Shoyu\u2019s tenth president. The family has engaged the soy sauce production business since 1645, but Hamaguchi left his family business to pursue sculpture at the Tokyo University of the Arts (formerly known as the Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music). In 1930 he quit his university and went to France to study oil painting, water colors, copper-plate engraving. He returned back to Japan at the brink of WWII. Determined engraving as his way, he went Paris again in 1953, and in 1955 developed the original technique of \u201cmezzotint.\u201d

Since being awarded the Grand Prize of the International Printmaking Division at the São Paulo Biennial in 1957, he has been awarded numerous times at various international art exhibitions and is said to be one of the leading copper-print artists in the world. He moved in San Francisco in 1981 where he continued pursuing his art for 15 years. He finally returned to Japan in 1996 and passed away in 2000.

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Mezzotint, also called black manner, a method of engraving a metal plate by systematically and evenly pricking its entire surface with innumerable small holes that will hold ink and, when printed, produce large areas of tone. The pricking of the plate was originally done with a roulette (a small wheel covered with sharp points), but later an instrument called a cradle, or rocker, was used. It resembles a small spade with a toothed edge, and its cutting action throws up rough ridges of metal called burrs. The burrs are scraped away in places intended to be white in the finished print. In the 21st century, the plate is often roughened by working over it in several directions with a carborundum stone.

The term mezzotint (from Italian mezza tinta, \u201chalftone\u201d) derives from the capability of the process to produce soft, subtle gradations of tone. Used alone, however, mezzotint designs are often indistinct and, consequently, engraved or etched lines are introduced to give the design greater definition.

Although the process of mezzotint was invented in Holland by the German-born Ludwig von Siegen during the 17th century, it was soon practiced enthusiastically and almost exclusively in England. The technique is laborious and, consequently, unsuitable for original work. But its rich blacks, its subtle gradations of tone, and especially its adaptability to making colour prints made it ideal for the reproduction of paintings. During the 17th, 18th, and early 19th centuries, mezzotints were the only means most people had of becoming acquainted with the paintings of major artists. After the invention of photography in the 19th century, mezzotint was rarely used, although in the 20th century the French artist Georges Rouault and the English printmaker Stanley William Hayter each made several plates. Its most distinguished mid-20th-century advocate, Yozo Hamaguchi, a Japanese artist living in Paris, developed techniques for printing colour mezzotint, and other artists, such as Mario Avati of Great Britain and Merlyn Evans of France, have mastered it.

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