\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0

Etiketler

GIMP çevrimiçi düzenleyicisi için ücretsiz \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a'yı indirin veya düzenleyin. Bu, Inkscape online ve OpenOffice Draw online veya OffiDocs tarafından LibreOffice online gibi OffiDocs'taki diğer grafik veya fotoğraf editörleri için geçerli olan bir resimdir.

\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \ u201c\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629

\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 : \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0641\u0646\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\ u060c \u0639\u0632\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0633\u0643\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u064a
\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0648
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627.

\u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a
\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629- \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629
\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u201c\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u201d\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c
\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0644 David Hall\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621
\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u201d.

\u0641\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644
\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629\u201d\u060c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u201d \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064d
\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633.
\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0645\u0627
\u0647\u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f
\ u0639 \ u0646 \ u0647.

\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c
\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646
\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.
\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629)
\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629
\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u201d \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a
\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641
\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 Richard Hartshorne \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645
1939.

\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1938-1939
\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a
\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646.
\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644
\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0645\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629.

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629
\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1937 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a John Leighley \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a
\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a Derwent Whittlesey.

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621
\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645
\u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647
\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639
\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a.

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639
\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 500 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.
\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062b \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629.

\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u201c\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 Coğrafyanın Doğası\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c
\u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629
\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a dahiliyeci \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645.

\u0648\u0623\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u201c\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631
\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u201c\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u201d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u2013
\u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0623\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u0641\u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627
\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a⁽⁶⁾. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629
\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a JK Wright \u0639\u0627\u0645 1941\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u064a\u0633 IŞİD \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0648
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644
\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631.

\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0643\u0627\u062f
\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627- \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0645- \u0647\u064a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636.
\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0642\u0627
\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a
\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 Lukermann\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\ U0623 \ u0646:

\ u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648
\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0647\u062a\u0646\u0631 Hettner\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647
\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a
\u0646\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u062a\u0646\u0631.
\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u062a\u0646\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639
\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 koroloji). \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f
\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c
\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646
\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627)\u201d. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631
\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c
\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u201d.

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0641\u062a kırsal bölge \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c
\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0648\u0631 carl sauer \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0628 Peyzajın Morfolojisi. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u063a\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633
\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628
\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638
\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629.

\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648
\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u063a
\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u201d. \u0641\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0628\u201d \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.

\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0648\u0631
\u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644
\u0625\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644
\u0647\u062a\u0646\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060c
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646
\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0623\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629). \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u2013 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a Psiko-Coğrafi\u201d. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647
\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647:

\ u201c\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636
\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646
\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629
\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b
\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.

\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637:

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u201c\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644
\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629.

\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649
\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647
\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643. \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648
\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636..\u0625\u0644\u062e. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a
\u201c\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u201d. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645
\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f
\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0647 \u0647\u062a\u0646\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631: \u201d \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b
\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0645
\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629\u201d. \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u2013
\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629- \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646
\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637
\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637
\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631.

\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a Alan Farklılaşması \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f
\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c Doğu ve Wooldridge
\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1951 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 Ruh ve
Coğrafyanın Amacı\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633
\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f
\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062a\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0631.

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631
\u0628\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 (\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c Woodridge \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u201d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u201c\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u201d \u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0648\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648
\u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u201c\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u201d. \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645
\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a. \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629
\u0648\u0633\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u2013 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a Stoddart \u2013 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a
\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645
\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629
\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0646
\u062c\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 Gotmann \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u201d.

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a
\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a Derwent Whittlesey\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a
\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0650\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 Fred Schaefer \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u201d.

\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f
\u0635\u0628\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a
\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u2013 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062a James Conant \u2013 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 Edward Ullman \u2013 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a
\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f- \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u2013 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u064b\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u062f
\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0641
\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u0642
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0634\u0649\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f\u201d. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a
\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 Bölgesel Sentez \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u2013
\u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a
\u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a
\u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a
\u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646
\u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647
\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629
\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646
\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1950\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645
\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a Harlod McCarty\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631
\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628
\u201c\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645
1953 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0640\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627
\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064a William Bunge\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646
\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639
\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647
\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u2013 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f.
\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631
\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a
\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646
\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 henry madison \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629
\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633 William Warntz\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u2013 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628
\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a- \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.
\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u064f\u063a\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 William L. Garnizon \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647
\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647.
\u0648\u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a.

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0642\u062f
\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 (\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646
\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1936). \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629
\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 Tarihselcilik \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 (\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f) \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0627
\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 Sistematik \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f
\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.

\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0646
\u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u201c\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u201d \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643
\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646Örnekleri
Kanun . \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0646:

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0645
\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u201d. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u063a\u0641 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u062a\u064a Wilhelm Dilthey \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a empatik
Anlamak \u201c\u0643\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629
\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a ideolojik (\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a Nomotetik (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646).
\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u201d \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644
\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u2013 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0645\u0627
\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631- \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f
\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u201c\u0625\u062f\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644
\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0633 Norman Mezarları \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645
\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a.

\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u201d \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0634\u0649\u0621 \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 (\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631)\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0640 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649
\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631
\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u062a\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062a \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u201c\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u201d
\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.

\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0621
\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 Kendal \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a- \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u201d \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u201d \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621
\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u201d. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 (\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 Walter Kolmorgan) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627.

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060c
\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0627
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u062c\u0647.

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f
\u201c\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0643 \u0622\u064a Henk Aay\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627
\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0643 John Kanca \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1961 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0634\u0649\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631
\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u201d. \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646
\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627
\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0626\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0649\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064a
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1959 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627 \u201c\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646
\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u201d.

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0640 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646
\u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631\u064a Stan Gregory \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644-
\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1976\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0647\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645
\u0623\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0646 alan wilson \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.

\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645
\u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646
\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631
\u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f peter gould\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b
\u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0631 Walter Christaller\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0634 Ağustos L\u04e7sch\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 Edgar Kant\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u062f S. Gollund\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f Torsten Hagerstrand\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 KE Bergesten\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627
\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631.

\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646
\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0640 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 Stephen B.Jones \u0639\u0627\u0645 1953\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0644\u0627
\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0648\u064a Çevrecilik. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638
\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062c \u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0627- \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631
\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629
\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u062c \u0623\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a.
\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631\u064a Derek Gregory \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u201c\u0642\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0628\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645
\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u201d. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637
\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0627 \u201c\u062c\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u201d Gustav Bergmann\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 Viyana Çevresi\u201d \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644
\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u201d. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645
\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 İstisnailik\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.

\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a
\u0623\u0643\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647
\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631
\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0633 Duane Knos \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 İstatistiksel Dönüş \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627
\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u201d. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631
\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646
\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a Amed\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u062c Golledge \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627.

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639
\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0641\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638
\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0633 Manikalar\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u201d
\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643\u060c
\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644.

\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646
\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629
\u0628\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a
\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628
\u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0628\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1962\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 Coğrafyada Açıklama\u201d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645
1969\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639.

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642
\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f Hagerstrand (\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062c froberg\u060c \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a
\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648 Mount Carlo Simülasyon yöntemleri\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a. \u0645\u0646
\u062b\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644
\u0628\u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648- \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.

\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645)
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629
\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643⁽⁶⁵⁾. \u0641\u064a
\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a Bennett \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629⁽⁶⁶⁾. \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a
\u0643\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629⁽⁶⁷⁾\u201c. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d
\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627.

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644
\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f
\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u2013 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627
\u0646\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a John Graunt \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u201c\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a
\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1662\u2033\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a Edmund Hally \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629
\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a Küçük \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u201c\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u201d. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639.

\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645
\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627
\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627.
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f Numeroloji \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645
\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a
\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0627.

\u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627
\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c
\u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637
\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631- \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627.
\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 hata yasası ( \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a analoji \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644
\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646
\u062c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632 Spottiswood'lar\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1861\u060c \u0641\u064a
\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0627
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f
\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644
\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1869- \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649\u060c
\u0648\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629
\u0639\u0627\u0645 1872\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u201d \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c
\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u2026\u0625\u0644\u062e) \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a
\u201c\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u201d.

\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629
\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647.
\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 McCarthy.

\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647
\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0649
\u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f peter gould \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f. \u0641\u0644\u062f\u0649
\u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u201c\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645
\u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u201d \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0650\u062f Whitehead \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0649
\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u201d. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642
\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u201c\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u201d \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0626\u0630
\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0634 kayıp\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649
\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062f Walter Isard \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0649 Konum ve Mekan
ekonomi\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0649
\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646
\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.

\u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0649 sayım\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633 sezgi\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0632\u064a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629
\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u201c\u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629\u201d
\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c
\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636.

\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c
\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627
\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0649. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629
\u201c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u201d \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a
\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629
\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0627
\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 Taylor \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629
\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u201d\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646
\u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644\u201d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f.

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f
\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1960 \u2013
\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631
\u201c\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647
\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0629
\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u2013 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062a Haggett \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0644\u0649 RJ Chorley \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u2013 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627
\u0643\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a.

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649
\u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0645
\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 Teorik Coğrafya\u201d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1962 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f
\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627
Coğrafyada Açıklama\u201d \u0639\u0627\u06451969 \u2013 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064f \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639.

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a
\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u201c\u0643\u0648\u0646\u201d \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0646 Kuhniyen Sonrası \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627
\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f
\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0649 Dilthey \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a Geistewissenchaften \ u2013 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627
\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a.

\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0649
\u0638\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631
\u2013 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u2013 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0644 erdem ve kötülük\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646- \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641
\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649.

\u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u0649
\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 Değer Yargısı \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627
\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 Charles Taylor \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629
\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627
\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645
\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u201d \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646
\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647insanlıktan çıkarma.

\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0649 \u2013 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064a
\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u2013 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627. \u0641\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c
\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 no-go \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0632\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f Fitzgerald \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a.

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f benzersizlik\u201d \u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0628\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 Güzel Coğrafya\u201d \u201d \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 statüko \ u2013 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0649
\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u2013 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0634\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a.

\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u062c.
\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972 \u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0623\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0648\u062f antipod\u201c.
\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0649
\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c
\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0629
\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.

\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647
(1972) \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 Sosyal Adalet ve
Şehir\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0649
\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0652\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u201c\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a
(\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645) \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0649\u201d \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0649
\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643
\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649
\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c
\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 materyalizm
Tarihsel-Coğrafi.

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0649 Massey \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646
\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621
\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629
\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0649\u201d \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u201c\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0649\u201d.

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u201d.

\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u2013
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u062a\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u2013 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a
\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646
\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a soy) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0641\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629
\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627
\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631 Altusser\u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0632 raymond williams\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646 EPHompson.

\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0647\u0644\u062a
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 İşlevselcilik \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 organik (\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 süper organik) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629
\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0629.

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629
\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a
\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 Manuel Castells \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a
\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 Mekansal Analoglar\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0649.

\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0649
\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 uzamsallık \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u201d \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627
\u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 -\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u2013 \u0647\u0649
\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627
\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627 soya \u2013 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644
\u0647\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0647 Lefebvre \u2013 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u201c\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 Uzay Üretimi\u201d \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0640 \u201c\u0648\u0633\u0637 orta\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c sonuç \u201d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.

\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645
\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629
\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u201d \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646
\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0647 Piaget \u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0649- \u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633 Levi Strauss \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 evrensel \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0649 sinir \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0647
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644.

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0649\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 William Kirk \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0640
\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 davranışsal ortam \u201d \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u062f \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062b\u0627\u0644
\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 Coğrafi
Epistemoloji\u201d.

\u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0633\u0643
\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u2013 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u2013 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637.
\u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 dış\u201d
\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 iç \u201d
\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647
\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629
\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u0628\u0646\u0649 yapılar\u201d

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649
\u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u2013 \u0623\u0646 \u201d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u201d \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637
\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0630\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0649
\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629
\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629
\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628
\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649.

\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633
\u0641\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0631wertheimer \u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062c \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0631 Wolfgang Kholer \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0641\u0643\u0627 (\u0648\u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u201c) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629
\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637⁽¹¹⁴⁾.
\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627
\u0628\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627
\u0643\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0649 \u2013 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0649 Psiko-Fiziksel\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642
\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 Olağanüstü \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0646\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 Şekil \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0649⁽¹¹⁵⁾. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642
\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0641 \u2013 \u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0647.

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649
\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 : \u062d\u064a\u062b PE = \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648 D = \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631

\u0648\u0641\u0649 1961\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629
\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062b\u0627\u0644 David Lowenthal \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646
\u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.
\u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u201c\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u201d \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u201c\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u2013 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u2013\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627
\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u201d. \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u2013 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0646\u0637 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629- \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646
\u201c\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u201d. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 arazi gizli \u201d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629
\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a JK Wright \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627 jeosofi\u201d- \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629
\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0649 idealist \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649
\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646
\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646
\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u2013 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0649.

\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646
\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633
\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0649.

\u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u2013 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646
\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0649 \u2013 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646
\u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u201c\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u201d \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0637\u064a\u0641\u0627
\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649.

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631
\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 İnsan Coğrafyası\u201d \u0648\u062d\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644
\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629
\u0648\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649
\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0646 Entrikin.

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c
\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u201d \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644
\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a insanlıktan çıkma\ u2013
\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628
\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631
\u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u2013 \u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631 Olsson & Buttimer\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u062f \u0644\u064a David Ley \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 Marwun Samuels \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 hümanist coğrafya
\ u201c\u0641\u0649 1978 \u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629
\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0647\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646
\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0642\u062f \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647
\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0651\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0649\u0621 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0649 leonard guelke \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649
\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0648\u062f Collingwood. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649
\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0641
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631
\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0649. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0647\u060c
\u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0649\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0649
\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629
\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u062f \u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u0645\u0636\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644
\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0644 Husserl. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649
\u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627
\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0649 Geçici otlak \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0648\u062a\u0632 Shutz \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 yaşam dünyası \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u201c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u201d Tuan \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0649
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0644\u0641 Relph \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 varoluşçuluk \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0639
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646
\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0632\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u201c\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u201d
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621
\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 Gertz \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0642\u0649 göstergebilim) \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642\u0629). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a
\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646
\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647
\u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a
\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627
\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0630\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 deterministik
saflık \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.

\u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646
\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0633 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627
\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f
\u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645) \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c
\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0649
\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647
\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 etkileşim \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639
\u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 Yapılandırma \u2013
\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647
\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644
\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0649 Gregory\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0641\u062a tutumluluk\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f Tercih\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646
\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f.

\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646
\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 Zaman-Coğrafya\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627
\u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a
\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c
\u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b
\u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 Sosyal Teori.

\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0633 \u0642\u062f
\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u0626\u0639
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0649\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629
(\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648) \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629.

\u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645
\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c
\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644
\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a Söylemler\u201d (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627
\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648) \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 Ahlaki manipülasyon.

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647
\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0649\u201d \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0649\u201d
\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u201c\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u201d \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645
\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0649 (\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648 )
\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646
\u0641\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631.

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f
\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u0648
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u2013 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0649
\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0649 \u0641\u0649
\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627
\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0647\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0649.

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649
\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633 Jürgen Habermas\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a iletişimsel eylem
\u0643\u062c\u0633\u0631
\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 modernlik\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 Charles Taylor\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0647\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647
\u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 irrasyonalizm \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0647
\u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 kripto-normativizm
\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649
\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u2013 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u2013 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631
\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 rejim görelilik \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 Hakikat \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 isyan-direniş \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 gözetim \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 güç kelimesini seçerim \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u2013
\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646
\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 belirli \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0649 yerel \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 Hakikat \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0649\u060c
\u0648\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0649Rorty \u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0649 temelcilik \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629
(\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627).

\u0641\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646
\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u062a\u0645\u0636\u064a
\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0649 \u2013\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0649 \u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646
\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633 duyuları\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 düzeltilemez. \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0632 Leibniz\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643 Locke \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d
\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644
\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629
\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 modernite\u201d.

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0649. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647
\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643
\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 temel- kesinlik. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a
Yanlışlamacılık \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0648
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a
\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647
\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645) \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647
\u201c\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u201d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0649.

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0632\u0648\u063a \u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641
\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u201d. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c
\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 çoğulcu
görelilik. \u0641\u0642\u062f
\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645 Belirsizlik\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0649
\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 tutarlılık \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648
\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0637\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u063a\u0629\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u2013 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0630\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629
\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a işlevselcilik \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0648
\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647 Le Corbusier \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629
\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.

\u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646
\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u0634\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u0649
\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u201c\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0649. \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646
\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646
\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0634\u0649\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0649.
\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 ardışık \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629
\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a
(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0641\u201d) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649 coğrafya
poetika. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a
\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646
\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.

\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0649 Harvey \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0649
\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648
\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629
\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627
\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649. \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c
\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0638\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f
\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 areal
farklılaştırma \u0642\u062f
\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0634\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629).

\u062f\u064a\u0641\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0649

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632
\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0646\u064a
\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0646
\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c
\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627
\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649
\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a inançlar \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a kesinlik. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639
\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627
\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u2026.\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644
\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a.

OffiDocs web uygulamalarıyla entegre ücretsiz resim \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a